First, why is the apple not colored after picking the bag?
Apple coloring is one of the important indicators of apple quality. According to the consumption habits of domestic groups, consumers prefer fruits with good coloring, high prices, good sales, and strong competitiveness. However, in recent years, yellowing and coloring of apples have occurred from time to time after picking the bags. Some of them may not be fully red although they are colored, which seriously affects the quality and commodity rate of apples and reduces economic benefits. The reasons for analysis are as follows:
1. Excessive use of borax or excessive spraying of foliar fertilizers containing boron will cause the fruit to turn yellow and not color. Borax is applied in spring, and each tree cannot exceed 150 grams. It is advisable to apply about 100 grams. Will cause the apple to yellow and not color, and yellow for 3 years. At present, boron-containing foliar fertilizers are many, and some fruit farmers have sprayed a single dose of boron fertilizer multiple times during the growth period. As a result, the fruit tree absorbed too much boron, and the fruit became yellow and not colored.
2. Excessive ring peeling causes the fruit to become yellow and not colored. The ring peeling is too heavy. The nutrients absorbed by the underground root system cannot rise, and the nutrients absorbed by the leaves on the tree cannot return. This can easily lead to the decline of the apple tree. Yellowing.
3. Continuous high temperature affects fruit coloring. After "Liqiu", if the high temperature of about 35 ℃ for more than 10 days, the temperature in the bag reaches 50 ℃ will affect the formation of anthocyanins, which will cause the fruit to turn yellow and not color. The phenomenon.
4. If the picking time is too late, it will also cause the fruit to turn yellow and not to color medium-maturing varieties, such as Gala, Shanxia, ​​etc. If the bag is picked at the same time as the red Fuji apple, it will not be colored. Gala apples are picked early, usually before September. If they are picked 6 to 7 days later, the fruit will turn yellow and not colored. Red Fuji apples are more suitable for bag picking in early October. After more than 10 days, the bag picking is delayed until mid-October, and the fruit will appear yellow and not colored. In case of frost, it will not appear colored.
5. During the fruit harvesting period, small temperature differences between day and night and dry climate will also cause the fruit to turn yellow and not color. The temperature difference between day and night is small, which is not conducive to fruit coloring. The weather was dry after picking the bags, and many orchards were not watered in time, resulting in apples not being colored.
6, excessive nitrogen fertilizer bagging apples do not color, especially in July and August excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, there will be phenomenon of fruit panning and coloring after picking bags.
7. Rotten roots will also cause the fruit to become yellow and uncolored. In recent years, a large amount of inorganic fertilizers have been applied, which has caused serious acidification of the soil, poisoning of the root system, and difficulty in absorbing nutrients. Both of these phenomena will cause the fruit to turn yellow and not color.
8. Excessive application of potassium and phosphate fertilizers will also cause the fruit to turn yellow and not colored. In recent years, many expert lectures have pointed out that the orchard is seriously lacking in potassium. Therefore, fruit farmers have applied a large amount of potassium fertilizer. Coloring phenomenon. In addition, phosphorus and potassium have antagonistic effects, and orchards with large amounts of diammonium are prone to the phenomenon of unsmooth, yellowish, and slow-colored fruits.
9. Flood irrigation after picking the bag will also increase the fruit's yellowness and color. We encourage watering before picking the bag, and do not recommend watering after picking the bag. If excessive drought, you can pour water. In addition, according to the investigation, it was found that spraying too much "bacteriostatic" before bagging and after bagging, and penicillin spraying before plastic bagging and bagging also caused yellowing and coloring of bagged apples. Therefore, it is hoped that the majority of fruit farmers will scientifically manage the orchard, so as to avoid problems such as fruit yellowing and economic benefits.
10. Inferior bags with poor air permeability can easily cause sunburn, yellowing and coloring in bagged apples.
2. How to effectively promote apple coloring after picking the bag? It is recommended that the majority of fruit farmers should do the following:
1. Autumn shears: The purpose is to increase the light, improve the light transmittance of the crown, and promote fruit coloring. It is mainly to remove the long branches, competitive branches, upright branches, skirts and long fruit branches under the crown, so that the leaves and fruits of each branch are evenly lit. You can also use standing pillars or hanging branches to open the space to increase light Make sure the fruit is colored.
2. Leaf picking: The main purpose is to pick the leaves that affect the light of the fruit. Defoliation can be performed in steps. For the first time, while taking off the bag, remove the rosette leaves close to the fruit; after the bag is removed, remove the leaves in the range of 5-10 cm near the fruit. Leaves should be picked after 9 am. Choose to remove the bag in the evening on a cloudy or sunny day, and avoid noon to prevent sunburn. First cut out the shading and fruit-applied leaves in the range of 15-20 cm around the fruit. After 5-6 days, remove the light-blocking leaves, small leaves, thin leaves, yellow leaves, old leaves around the fruit, and then remove the autumn shoots. The leaves and some leaves on the upper and middle branches that affect light transmission, try to retain functional leaves to avoid affecting photosynthetic efficiency. When removing leaves, first remove the middle, lower and inner canopy of the canopy, and then the upper periphery of the canopy. In short, the petiole must be kept for picking leaves, and the number of picking leaves should not exceed 20% -30% of the whole tree. If labor costs are high, this can be done less often.
3. Turn the fruit: the purpose is to make the shade of the fruit get direct sunlight and make the fruit full color. The fruit transformation should be performed within 5 to 8 days after removing the bag, when the color of the sun's surface of the fruit reaches about 70%. Turning the fruit is to rotate the fruit by 90 ° ~ 180 °, so that the yin and yang sides of the fruit can be swapped to ensure that the original yin side is also colored. Gently rotate the fruit to turn the shady side to the sun side. Do not use too much force to avoid twisting the fruit. It is better to perform the fruit transformation 2 to 3 times. For the fruit that cannot be fixed after the fruit is turned, use a transparent narrow tape to fix it. Nearby branches. Note: Turn the fruit in one direction to avoid unscrewing the stem.
4. Water regulating fruit: The amount of irrigation should be controlled in the near-maturity period. If it is dry, sprinkler irrigation and infiltration irrigation can be performed to avoid splitting the fruit and increase fruit coloring.
5. Lay silver reflective film: During the fruit coloring period, the silver plate on the tree tray can improve the light conditions of the canopy and the lower part of the canopy, so that the lower part of the canopy, especially the depressions and surroundings, can be fully colored, which can truly reach the full red fruit and improve the fruit Sugar content; Reflective film is laid under the canopy, leaving working lanes between rows, and the edges are fixed, 400-500 square meters per 667 square meters of garden film. Reflective film is collected, washed and dried 1 to 2 days before fruit harvest Dry, can continue to use the next year. Laying range is limited to the vertical projection of the canopy. 6. Pest control: After removing the bag, in order to prevent rotten fruit rot caused by latent germs in the fruit, it is necessary to spray methyltobutine, spray g and other systemic fungicides, and spray once to twice 300 times phosphate diphosphate. Potassium hydrogen to promote coloring.
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