The common feature of hilly and dry land is that the soil layer is thin, the sand is large, the structure is poor, and the water and fertilizer are not good; the water is mainly supplied by the soil and natural rainfall. Cultivation management should consider water conservation and fertilizer conservation, and improve fertilizer and water use efficiency.
First, the implementation of large ridge double-row film planting
Before deep ploughing or uncultivation in winter, all the soil should be thawed in the spring, and the ditch should be deep-ditched at a distance of about 80 cm to concentrate fertilization in the ditch, and then deep ploughing and grooving between the two ditch, and squeezing into a ridge Fertilize in the ridge, use the iron shovel or other tools to level the ridge surface, make it a small platform with a ridge width of about 50 cm and a height of 10 to 12 cm from the bottom of the ditch, waiting for timely seeding.
Second, increase the application of fertilizer, concentrated fertilization, spraying foliar fertilizer several times
In the hilly and dry land, peanuts should be added as much as possible. In particular, organic fertilizer should be added, chemical fertilizer should be applied, mineral fertilizer and trace element fertilizer should be applied in an appropriate amount, and calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer should be added to the acidity. Combined with the ridges, the bag is applied in the ridge. Foliar fertilizer is sprayed several times during the growth period of peanuts.
Third, the implementation of water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation method (peanut film W cultivation method)
In the spring, when there is enough rainfall, especially when it is close to the planting period, it is necessary to cover the mulch film early. When the temperature of 5 cm reaches 15 °C, it should be planted. Spring peanuts can wait from May to early June. The seeding method is to plant 2 rows of peanuts on the surface of the flat ridge which is pre-made, with a small row spacing of about 30 cm, and a hole of about 20 cm from the hole. Put a small hole in the pre-coated membrane and put a seed into it. Do not poke the hole too large and sow too deep. After seeding, the peanut seeding line is pressed (or lightly pressed) into a shallow groove, and a layer of soil is covered in the shallow groove (or stepped), and the film is protected. Accept rainfall. Seeding with a new peanut planter can apply all the organic fertilizer and most of the fertilizer after the soil is thawed, and mix the fertilizer into the soil layer by deep tillage or rotary tillage. When the temperature of 5 cm is stable to 12 °C, it can be robbed after enough rainfall. Sowing, spring peanuts can wait from May to early June. It can complete ridge and sowing in one time, apply a small amount of chemical fertilizer, flatten the ridge surface, spray herbicide, cover the mulch and compress the film into shallow ditch and cover the soil ditch, etc., 12 hp or less small four-wheel tractor Traction can be planted 3 to 5 acres per hour. After sowing, the peanuts can be planted in the furrows at a distance from each other to facilitate the accumulation of water and ridges after the rain.
Fourth, field management
The general principle of field management of peanuts in hilly and dry land should be to actively promote growth, prevent premature aging and early defoliation early, and earnestly manage the following management.
1. After the peanuts emerged, check the timely rupture of the film with the apical membrane.
2. After the emergence of 4 kinds of compound leaves, the peanuts should be sprayed twice every 10 days, and the nutrients should be more than 2 times. The foliar fertilizer with more nitrogen nutrition should be mixed with the systemic insecticide for the first time.
3. Foliar fertilizer containing boron is sprayed twice a day for about 10 days after the initial flowering, and insecticide is mixed when there is a pest of the leaf.
4. After about 10 days from the pod-forming period, spray the foliar fertilizer containing more phosphorus and calcium components, and mix it with 800-1200 times.
5. In the late stage of pod formation, continue to spray foliar fertilizer containing more phosphorus and calcium components and mix it into a broad-spectrum high-efficiency fungicide. In the late summer, the peanuts can only be sprayed with foliar fertilizer, and no need to spray fungicides.
Five, harvested and dried
The middle and lower leaves of peanuts turn yellow and fall off, the top leaves turn yellow, and the top leaves turn yellow. When most of the pods are full, they can be harvested and placed in the ground. 6~7 percent dry or full dry return to the field to pick fruit, or fruit Good outside, pick up the fruit after busy farming, fully dry, and clean into storage. Harvesting with the new harvester can complete all the excavation, shaking the soil, and arranging and drying on the spot. The tractor of 12-horsepower and above can receive 6~8 mu per hour.
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