The process of modern wheat production management is simplified, focusing on the planting process, laying the foundation for seedlings and seedlings, and is crucial for capturing wheat harvest. Wheat standardized seeding technology is a series of technical measures to ensure the quality of operation, such as adapting to local conditions, scientific and orderly, efficient and precise implementation of sputum and sorghum, tillage and land preparation, seed treatment, suitable amount of sowing, and post-sowing repression.
Wheat standardized seeding technology can improve the cold resistance and drought resistance of wheat by cultivating strong seedlings before winter, so as to obtain high yield and high efficiency. Its technical points:
1. Improve the quality of land preparation. The purpose of tilling the land is to make the wheat field deep in the plough layer, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are coordinated, the soil is tight, the water retention and fertility are strong, the ground level is good, and it meets the requirements of wheat sowing. Seedlings and plants grow well to create conditions. China has complex climatic conditions, a wide variety of soils, and diverse planting systems. Therefore, there are many types of land preparation techniques for pre-sowing cultivation in wheat fields, and suitable land preparation techniques can be selected according to local conditions and conditions. The general principle is based on ploughing (machine farming) or less no-tillage (rotary tillage), combining sputum, sputum (sputum), pressure, ridge, ditching, and hoeing, and correctly mastering cultivating and cultivating When working, reduce the cost of farming and energy consumption, and make reasonable farming to ensure the quality of work.
2. Choose good varieties. In production, the most suitable varieties should be planted according to the climate, soil, soil fertility, planting system, yield level and pests and diseases in the region. (1) According to the climatic conditions of the region, especially the temperature conditions, winter, semi-winter or spring varieties are used. (2) Select good varieties according to production level. For example, in drought-prone areas, drought-tolerant and drought-tolerant varieties should be used; in dry and fertile land with thick soil layers and high fertility, drought-tolerant and fertilizer-tolerant varieties should be planted; and in high-yield fields with good fertilizer and water conditions, fertilizers with high yield potential should be selected. , anti-reverse varieties. (3) Select good varieties according to different farming systems. For example, wheat and cotton intercropping, not only require wheat varieties to be suitable for late sowing and early maturity, in order to shorten the symbiotic period of wheat and cotton, and at the same time require shorter plants, compact plant type and strong edge advantages to make full use of light energy. Improve photosynthetic efficiency. (4) Select good varieties according to the characteristics of local natural disasters. (5) Good grain quality and commercial quality. Including the nutritional quality is good, the processing quality meets the requirements of the finished product, the grain is full, the bulk density is high, and the selling price is high. (6) Selection of good varieties should be tested and demonstrated. In production, it is necessary to continuously replace new varieties according to changes in production conditions and production, and to prevent large-scale introduction and frequent replacement of varieties without trials. The variety is tested, demonstrated, and seed breeding work is done to determine the “successful†variety and maintain the high quality of the production seeds. The selected varieties should be seed-coated or seeded before seeding.
3. Suitable for sowing. The suitable moisture content of the plough layer when the wheat is planted is 75%-80% of the soil relative water content. Seeding under conditions suitable for lyrics can ensure a full seedling, so that the seed roots and secondary roots grow out in time, and plunged into the deep soil to improve the drought resistance. Therefore, the wheat should be watered beforehand when the moisture is insufficient.
4. Sowing at the right time. Suitable wheat sowing can make full use of caloric resources, cultivate strong seedlings, form strong large tillers and developed root systems, manufacture and accumulate more nutrients, enhance resilience, and lay a foundation for improving the rate of ear formation and cultivating strong stalks and large ears. . This is an important measure to increase the production of wheat in a large area. The sowing date of wheat varies significantly depending on the climatic conditions, production conditions and variety characteristics of different regions. China has a vast territory, and the winter wheat sowing time in each region is very different.
5. Moderate sowing. At present, all kinds of winter wheat wheat fields in China have problems of large-scale seeding in different degrees, resulting in large population, long before winter and spring, thin stems, easy to fall, small spikes, easy to premature aging, yield is not Higher problems. Determining a reasonable amount of seeding can obtain a suitable basic seedling number, establish a reasonable group structure, and deal with the contradiction between the group and the individual, which is an important link to coordinate the relationship between wheat growth and development and environmental conditions. The principle of mastery: First, the characteristics of the variety. Mainly refers to the tillering power, the tillering rate and the number of suitable ears per mu; the second is the sowing date in the morning and evening; the third is the fertility level of the soil. Generally, the varieties with high tillering power and high ear-forming rate, under the conditions of early sowing date and high soil fertility, the basic seedlings should be thin, and the seeding amount should be less.
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