Many flower buds on the grapevine inflorescence. Proper flowering and fruit drop are the normal physiological phenomenon of the grape. The main reasons are the poor pollination and fertilization, the abnormally developed flowers or the lack of nutrition and endogenous hormones. However, if the drop is serious, the normal load of grape plants cannot be maintained, which will seriously affect the output of the year and bring losses to the producers. Falling and falling fruits also have a great relationship with the variety, such as the abnormality of the ovule of Kyoho, part of pollen sterility, and its falling and fruiting is related to its own genetic traits. In addition, abnormal climatic conditions are also one of the causes of flowering and fruit falling. For example, low temperature, drought, and rainfall at flowering time directly affect the development and growth of inflorescences. The normal pollination and fertilization process cannot be carried out smoothly, resulting in fruit drop and fruit drop. In terms of cultivation measures, weeding of buds and failure of timely picking of toppings, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, long shoots, long shoots, watering or spraying of flowering plants with pesticides that are irritating to flowers, excessive load in the previous year, and severe disease and insect infestation , New shoots are not fulfilled, flower buds are poorly differentiated, and inadequate storage and nutrition can also result in falling flowers. It is difficult to control the flowering and fruit falling caused by climate anomaly and variety characteristics. However, through scientific cultivation and management techniques, the process of flowering and fruit falling can be reduced. How to prevent the grape falling and fruit dropping technology measures will be briefly introduced as follows:
1, a reasonable load, improve the tree nutrition: grape tree load, consume more nutrients, tree nutrients will be reduced. Therefore, controlling production is one of the measures to reduce the number of fallen flowers. In general, every 667? O control the production of 1500kg, up to no more than 2000kg, not only to ensure high yield and stable production, but also to ensure adequate mature buds, good flower bud differentiation, adequate accumulation of tree nutrients, to meet the maximum growth, flowering, pollination, fertilization, nutrient demand. In fertilizer and water management, organic fertilizer should be added. Apply 4 kg of organic fertilizer for each 1 kg of fruit to improve soil physical and chemical properties, create good conditions for root growth, and enhance the absorption capacity of the root system. Post-emergence to flowering, topdressing nitrogen and phosphorus-based quick-acting fertilizers, and timely irrigation according to weather and soil conditions.
2, timely wipe buds, branches, picking the heart: timely wipe buds, twigs and picking the heart, can reduce the consumption of nutrients, promote further development of inflorescence, adjust the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and control the vegetative growth. It can turn more nutrients to the inflorescence, ensuring that there is sufficient nutrient supply for flowering, pollination and fertilization.
3, timely sparse inflorescence: According to the load of the growth of new shoots, timely removal of redundant inflorescences, to the left inflorescence. Timely access to the spikelets, spikelets, spike tips, so that the supply of nutrients more concentrated in the remaining inflorescence, to meet the flowering, pollination, fertilization, nutrients demand for fruit set.
4. Spraying boron during flowering period: Spraying 0.3% borax for two weeks before flowering can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, which has a significant effect on improving fruit setting rate and increasing yield.
5, vine girdling: grape girdling should be carried out at the beginning of the flowering period, that is, at the front of the fruiting branch 3cm or the previous joint, girdling with a ring knife or grafting knife, stripping mouth width 0.2 ~ 0.3cm , Deep to the xylem, stripping immediately with a plastic strip strict, in order to facilitate the healing of the mouth. This method can significantly improve the fruit setting rate, especially for the Kyoho line, the effect is more significant.
6. Strengthen the prevention and control of early stage diseases and insect pests: Before sprouting until the new shoot reaches 10cm in length, the whole park uses Fuxing 8000 times and Wanling powder 3000 times for the second time to clean the garden and prevent the thrips and green-letter locusts; 5 days, with Yibao 1200 times the Fuxing Star 8000 times, plus Wanling powder 3000 times or high efficiency cypermethrin, focus on spraying shoots and spikes, prevention and control of black pox, cob brown rot, downy mildew and other diseases and hummer, Green-blind maggots and other pests.
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