Russian scientists open a new branch of science - thermal genetics
September 07, 2017 Source: Bio Valley
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Forty years ago, Francis Crick, a British scientist who won the Nobel Prize for his collaboration with American scientist James Watson, pointed out that the most important part of brain science is to develop methods to control brain work. In other words, it should have the ability to activate or inhibit the work of neurons. It was not until 2005 that researchers at Stanford University invented the neuron light control method that the above ideas were realized. American scientists embed a special protein in the neuron genome that helps organisms identify the direction in the environment, making neurons sensitive to light. "Optogenetics" was born and then made rapid progress.
"Russian newspaper" recently published a heavy news in the scientific community: Russian scientists have opened the new scientific direction of "thermal genetics" and created the world's first new tool for controlling the brain. By using this tool to conduct unique experiments on the brain, you can understand the workings of the brain and treat a variety of diseases. It is reported that the above research work was jointly carried out by the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Advanced Neurological and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the research team of Moscow Lomonosov National University. Related articles were published in the famous science magazine Nature Communications.
The thermal genetics pioneered by Russian scientists is as revolutionary as optogenetics. The innovation of Russian scientists is to use temperature to control neurons rather than light control. To this end, scientists embed a snake's gene protein in the neurons of mice to take charge of the so-called "heat" function (which means that reptiles can "see" in the dark, accurately locate and hunt within a certain distance. The ability to heat a target object). Experiments have shown that animal neurons can be selectively controlled for activity when temperature changes.
Today, thermogenetics will create new possibilities in the medical field, such as the treatment of epilepsy. Seizures can cause the temperature of the lesion to rise, and if a "braking system" is embedded in a human neuron, seizures can be suppressed. It is well known that the body's brain temperature drops by two degrees during deep sleep, and most importantly, consciousness is turned off. Scientists hope to understand what happens in the brain by monitoring the nighttime behavior of neurons, thus revealing the laws of consciousness. The study of thermogenetics is entirely possible to unravel the mystery of the nature of consciousness.
In order to surpass competitors and become the undisputed leader in the field of thermogenetics research, Russian scientists have successfully solved the following two fundamental problems. One is to create specific genetic structures that can be embedded in neurons. In view of the fact that as long as the position of a nucleic acid is not correct, it will not work. Russian scientists have to screen thousands of nucleic acids in order to select specific gene sequences. The specific genetic structure selected should be able to enter the neuronal genome through the neuronal cell membrane. And then initiate the manufacturing process of the snake protein. Only then will neurons begin to respond to temperature changes. In order to find the best genetic structure, it is often necessary to pan from one of dozens of programs. The second is the temperature control of neurons. The temperature of the neurons should be carefully controlled. When the temperature is too low, the neurons cannot be activated. If the temperature is too high, the neurons will die. The research team at Moscow University has successfully solved this problem by developing a high-precision temperature measurement method using the quantum effect principle of diamond particles.
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