Soybeans occupy an important position in China's grain and oil rice noodle industry. Soybeans have been planted in many areas in China. To further improve the yield and quality of soybeans, it is necessary for the majority of growers to fully grasp the high-yield planting techniques and pest control measures.
1 Soybean planting technology
1.1 Soybean cultivation management
The cultivation and management of soybeans is the basic work for the healthy growth of soybean plants and the improvement of yield. Therefore, the cultivation and management of soybeans must be scientific and tailored to local conditions. First of all, it is necessary to determine the reasonable planting time according to the actual climate characteristics of the planting area. The sowing depth should be properly controlled according to the soybean variety and rainwater conditions, avoiding the phenomenon of early sowing and deep sowing, and at the same time taking preventive measures for soybean pests and diseases.
If herbicides are to be applied before sowing, the amount of herbicide should be adjusted according to the amount of grass. The fertilization of soybean should be combined with the soil fertility of the field and the actual growth of soybean plants to make a scientific and rational fertilization program. In addition, in the field management, in order to promote the growth and development of soybean roots, strengthen the absorption of water and nutrients by roots, and improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, it is necessary to strengthen the intensity of field management.
1.2 Soybean planting method
As far as the current soybean planting process in Nong'an County is concerned, there are two main types: one is narrow row dense planting. Soybean varieties with shorter plant heights are more suitable for this method. In the actual planting process, the sowing depth of soybean seeds should be strictly controlled. Only when the soybean planting depth is uniform, the healthy and rapid growth of soybean plants can be promoted. The scientific and rational allocation of fertilizers will eventually achieve the purpose of increasing production and income; 'two is three-ridge planting. The three-ridge planting technique belongs to a new planting technique, which has high requirements for soil and soybean varieties as well as the technical level of planters. The realization of the three-ridge planting method is carried out by stratification of the ridges, and various fertilizers required for the growth of soybeans are applied in the ridges, and the sowing of the soybeans is all mechanized to increase the seeding speed. When carrying out the tillage work, it is necessary to rationally adjust the amount of fertilizer applied according to the growth of soybeans.
2 Soybean pest control measures
Although the cultivation of soybeans in Nong'an County has a long history, growers also have a lot of planting experience. However, in the face of some common pests and diseases of soybeans, due to the lack of authoritative scientific theory guidance, the prevention and control of pests and diseases often face many difficulties. This seriously affects the yield and quality of soybeans, and it also greatly dampens the planting enthusiasm of the growers, which is extremely detrimental to the development of the soybean industry. Therefore, effective control of soybean pest control technology has a more important role in promoting the development of agricultural economy.
2.1 Soybean mites control measures
Soybean aphids are the most common pests and diseases during the growth of soybeans. In the north, soybean aphids are often referred to as “grasswormsâ€. The peak of the outbreak is in June of each year. The higher the temperature and the more arid the environment, the higher the activity of the aphids. The outbreak of aphids will seriously affect the healthy growth of soybeans. Soybean aphids mainly cause damage and damage to the leaves and stems of the plants. If they break out during the pod-forming period of soybeans, they will cause more damage to the soybean kernels. The damage is by sucking the juice on the back of the leaves and the stems of the stems. The leaves subjected to pests will curl, photosynthesis will be affected, and the growth rate of the plants will be slowed down, so the plants are small in size and seriously affect the yield. In addition, the spread of soybeans and locusts is extremely fast, and if not restricted, it will infect whole farmland. In order to effectively limit the outbreak of aphids, 40% of Dimethoate 800 times or 40% omethoate 1000 times can be sprayed on soybeans.
2.2 Downy mildew prevention measures
Downy mildew is a relatively common disease during the growth of soybeans. This disease can cause greater damage to soybean seedlings, grains and leaves. From the germination of soybean seeds until the first leaf grows, during this period, downy mildew has begun to infect, and the infected bacteria will spread rapidly with the growth of the leaves of the plants. As the disease is serious, the leaves of the plants will appear more obvious. Symptoms. First, brown lesions began to appear on both sides of the leaves. Because the leaves during seedlings were relatively small, the lesions growing on them were not obvious, so it was difficult to be found in time, but as the soybeans continued to grow, the scale of the plants gradually expanded. The symptoms of the disease are also becoming more and more obvious. At this time, there are more chlorotic spots on both sides of the leaves, and a grayish white layer on the back of the leaves.
During the flowering period of soybean, if the disease is not controlled in time, the yield of soybean will be seriously affected. First, the pathogen will form a gray-white layer and a large number of virus spores on the grain, and then the virus will follow the spore. Further dissemination. The outbreak rate of downy mildew is high. It is the peak period of downy mildew in July-August every year. Rain and humid environment will accelerate the spread of the virus. In order to effectively inhibit the further spread of the virus, we must master the following. Two common methods of prevention.
First, agricultural control methods
Since the disease will be infected during the germination period of the seed, it is necessary to select the varieties with strong resistance to downy mildew for planting, and at the same time, the soybeans are planted by rotation to enhance the resistance of the plants;
Second, chemical control methods
Chemical agents have a certain impact on the soil environment and the growth of plants, so it must be used cautiously. Soybean seeds can be seeded with 40% ethyl phosphide wettable powder and 25% metalaxyl agent. The method mainly produces a preventive effect. If the disease has erupted during the growth of the plant, it is necessary to spray 350 times of the ethylphosphorus aluminum agent in time.
The above is all about today's high-yield planting technology. Because soybean agricultural production plays an important role in people's lives, it is an urgent task to improve soybean production. The high-yield and high-efficiency planting methods mentioned in the article must be tailored to local conditions. Scientific management should be carried out in the field management work. For some common pests and diseases, agricultural prevention should be the mainstay, supplemented by chemical treatment. I hope that the high-yield planting techniques and pest control measures mentioned in this paper can help farmers to grow soybeans.
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