There are two main modes of production of conventional edible fungi. First, factory production, but the requirements of the facilities are relatively high, the general investment is more than tens of millions of yuan, so the development has limitations, it is not suitable for large-scale promotion; the other is the family production mode, mainly greenhouses, greenhouses for Cultivation places, mushroom houses, and production facilities are relatively simple and are scattered in various suburbs of the suburbs. It is difficult to achieve large-scale production and more than 50,000 yuan per mu are needed for mushroom sheds. The development of large areas is also limited. The production mode of these two types of fixed facilities is likely to cause environmental deterioration due to consecutive years of production. The growth of bacteria and diseases will increase, resulting in reduced production or even no harvest. Disease prevention and control drugs also pose a risk of product contamination and excessive pesticide levels.
Beijing has about 10 million mu of various forest lands; the fast-growing plains suitable for cultivation of edible fungi are about 1.2 million mu. The use of woodland for the production of edible fungi has great development advantages. First, the forest resources are abundant and inexhaustible, and they can be planted on a large scale. The development of edible fungi does not compete with people for food, and does not compete with the grain, which can alleviate the contradiction between agriculture and forestry. The second is that the woodland is prosperous and the canopy is shady. There is no need to build a house to keep the insulation of the canopy, which reduces the investment cost of the facility. Third, the oxygen content in the forest is sufficient, and the temperature is lower than the outside of the forest, the temperature difference is large, the air humidity is high, and it is suitable for the growth of edible fungi. The growth conditions come from nature, no need to artificially create climate conditions, extensive management, labor saving and labor saving. Fourth, woodland air is fresh and there is no pollution. It can produce pollution-free foods. The edible fungus produced is of good quality, rich in mushroom and rich in nutrition. Fifth, wastes from the production of edible fungus can be used as fuel, and organic fertilizers can also be directly provided for the growth of trees. This can not only promote the growth of trees, but also reduce waste disposal, which is in line with the requirements of ecological agriculture.
The cultivation of woodland edible fungus is to pile up the mycelia of the mycelium in the open space of the forest to imitate wild-type production. The production of edible fungus in forest land can obtain higher income. Generally, one mu of forest land can obtain benefits of more than 5,000 yuan, and high can reach more than 20,000 yuan, and the benefit is higher than that of other crops. Thanks to the good results, the cultivation area in the suburbs of Beijing has increased rapidly this year, with 10,000 mu in Tongzhou and more than 1,000 mu in Fangshan and Shunyi.
Cultivation methods: Select artificial fast-growing forest land with 4 to 5 years of shading reaching more than 70% (the forest with weak tree potential may be appropriately increased with shade nets and other auxiliary measures to improve shading), and prepare ready-to-use edible fungus rods ( Requires good bacteria or inoculated mycelium to form a piece of fungus sticks or piled up good materials, and it will be transplanted into the forest in April-August to produce edible fungi. Into the forest time: Bai Ling mushroom in late March - the end of April; mushrooms in mid-April - the end of May; fungus, oyster mushroom in early May - the end of June; double bulging mushrooms in early July - early August. The Bailing Mushroom adopts a buried method, that is, making a 1.5-2 m flat rake in the forest land, placing the bacilli on the oyster shell, covering the soil about 2 centimeters, and extending the supply period for about 2 months, and realizing recycling again; Shiitake mushroom and fungus adopt single pendulum cultivation, or combined with sightseeing agriculture for frame cultivation, convenient for tourists to watch and picking; Pleurotus ostreatus to take buried or wall cultivation; Agaricus bisporus ground cultivation can obtain better results.
After the mushroom sticks enter the forest, attention should be paid to regulating the temperature and humidity of the forest land, to meet the growth needs of the edible fungi to the greatest extent, and to achieve a bumper harvest.
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