The biological characteristics of black fungus mainly refer to those conditions that are needed during the growth process. During the growth of black fungus, ecological conditions such as nutrition, moisture, temperature, air, light, and pH are required.
1. The main nutrients needed for the growth of nutritious black fungus are carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and minerals. Carbon source materials include cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, sucrose, glucose, and pectin. The nitrogen source substances mainly include proteins, amino acids, urea, ammonium salts, nitrates, and the like. Black fungus growth also requires vitamins and some minerals such as magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Cultivation of raw materials such as cotton oyster shells, wood chips, corn cob, corn flour, wheat bran, and adding a small amount of minerals, can basically meet the requirements of black fungus on nutrients.
2, water black fungus growth requires a certain amount of moisture. The growth phase of the black fungus mycelia requires a matrix moisture content of 60% to 65%. If water is too large, mycelia grow slowly and the pollution rate increases. If the water content is too small, it is unfavorable to the mushroom bags and the yield is low. It is very important to cultivate the black fungus to master the appropriate water content. Generally, when mixing materials, the ratio of feed water is 100:120.
At the fruiting body stage, the moisture content of the matrix is ​​required to be around 55%. If the water content is too small, the yield will be affected. Ear stage requires mushroom house environment relative humidity of 85% to 95%. If the relative humidity is lower than 70%, there will be less ears, slow growth, long and small, low yield, easy yellowing of the ear, and deterioration of product quality. If the relative humidity is higher than 95%, the flow of lugs is likely to occur and the quality of the product is reduced.
In the differentiation of black fungus primordium and the growth phase of fruit bodies requires higher air relative humidity, which is a major feature of the biological characteristics of black fungus.
3, temperature black fungus mycelium growth temperature range of 6 ~ 35 °C, the most suitable growth temperature of 22 ~ 28 °C.
Black fungus belongs to medium-temperature edible fungi. The growth temperature range of most species of fruit bodies is 15～32°C, and the temperature is best suitable for the growth of the ear under the condition of 22～28°C. Black fungus cannot differentiate and grow normally below 15°C. Black fungus is more sensitive to high temperatures, the temperature exceeds 38 °C, most varieties can not form the original base, the primordium has been formed can not grow normally, the ears that have grown out are prone to flow ear. Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces generally produce fungus bags from January to March, and ears from June to July.
4, air black fungus is aerobic edible fungus, both the mycelium stage, or fruiting body stage requires fresh air. Especially in the stage of fruiting body, the metabolism is strong and it needs more oxygen. Ear-stage ventilation is poor. When the content of carbon dioxide in the air is higher than 0.2%, oxygen is lacking, and it is susceptible to bacterial infestation and rot to form ears.
5, light black fungus mycelium phase does not require light, in the dark and scattered light conditions can normally grow. At the fruiting body stage, strong scattered light and certain direct light conditions are required, and normal growth is generally possible at 200 to 1000 lux. The fruit body cannot be formed under dark conditions.
6. Acidity and alkalinity The black fungus can grow at a pH of 4 to 7.5, and the PH value of 5 to 6.5 is the best.
The grower should create the conditions suitable for the growth of the black fungus based on the ecological factors, and try to avoid the occurrence of adverse conditions to ensure the production and stability of the black fungus.
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