Zunyi Chaotian Pepper has the characteristics of bright color, oily red, beautiful fruit shape, fine meat quality, strong aroma and so on. In recent years, there are varieties such as aging, serious deterioration of species, lack of technical support, extensive management, etc. As a result, the planting efficiency has decreased. Now, a new excellent variety of Chaotian pepper with outstanding flavor, excellent quality, high yield and strong resistance is cultivated. The following is the cultivation technique of this variety.
1 new excellent variety
1.1 expensive spicy 52
A generation of hybrids, solitary to the pepper. In the middle and early maturity, red peppers are harvested about 65 days after planting. The plant is about 75 cm high and has many branches. The green ripe fruit is dark green, the old ripe fruit is red, the surface is smooth, and the dried pepper is less wrinkled. The fruit has a small horn, the fruit shape is beautiful, the fruit length is 4 to 7 cm, and the fruit shoulder is about 1 cm long. The variety is spicy and fragrant, with more dry matter and good quality. It can harvest green pepper and red pepper, which is suitable for making dried pepper.
1.2 Autumn Maple
A generation of hybrids, single-generation lambs. The growth potential is strong, the plant height is about 75 cm, the branches are many, and the disease resistance is strong. Harvesting red peppers began about 65 days after planting. The green ripe fruit is dark green, the old ripe fruit is red, the color is bright, and the flesh has less water. The fruit is 4 to 6 cm long, the shoulder is about 1 cm long, and the stem is about 4 cm long. Fruity and spicy, dry matter, smooth surface, dry peppers and less wrinkles, can be used for both dry and fresh.
1.3 Gypsophila
The variety is a generation of hybrids, the shape of the fruit is beautiful, the single-generation lamb horns are turned into the pepper, and the red peppers are harvested about 65 days after the planting. The plant height is 74-76 cm, and the branching force is strong. The green ripe fruit is dark green, the old ripe fruit is red, and the surface is smooth. The dried pepper is less wrinkled, the fruit is about 5 cm long, the shoulder is about 1 cm long, and the fruit stalk is 3.9 to 4.1 cm long. Fruity and spicy, the flesh has less water and more dry matter, which is suitable for dried pepper.
1.4 Hot Pot Pepper 306
The latest breeding new varieties. Early and mid-maturing, plant height 60 cm, plant width 58 cm, strong disease resistance, mature fruit red. The fruit has a bullet shape with a fruit length of 4 to 6 cm, a fruit shoulder width of about 3 cm, a flesh thickness of 0.3 cm, and a single fruit mass of 15 g. It has a strong spicy taste and a rich aroma, which is suitable for dried pepper.
1.5 Longyan No. 2
Spicy mid-late maturing varieties, single-born Chaotian pepper, large fruit type, strong growth, the result is long. The variety has higher yield than the main cultivated varieties, strong disease resistance, bright color and beautiful pepper shape. Green ripe fruit green, old ripe fruit red. The fruit is 7 to 8 cm long and has a diameter of 0.8 to 1.0 cm. Dry and fresh, it is a hot commodity in the fresh food and processing market.
2 cultivation points
2.1 Choosing a field
Choose the environment of the production area is very good, the soil layer is deep, the soil is fertile, the irrigation and drainage is convenient, the pH value is 6.2 ~ 7.2, the field has not been planted with pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato, tobacco and other solan crops, it is best to have supporting agriculture. Production infrastructure.
2.2 Cultivate strong seedlings
1 timely sowing according to local climate cultivation conditions and orders, select the appropriate new varieties, timely sowing. The suitable sowing date for peppers in Zunyi is from early February to late March.
2 Seed treatment Before seeding, the seeds are spread for 1 to 2 days, then packed in gauze bags and placed in warm water at 30 °C for 4 h. In order to prevent the pathogens from being contaminated with seeds, it can be soaked for 30 minutes with 100 times of Lingdan soluble liquid solution, or soaked with 1% copper sulfate solution for 15 minutes, then rinsed with water to avoid phytotoxicity.
After soaking the seeds, remove the seeds and drain them to sow them. It can also be germinated under the condition of 25-30 °C, and the seeds should be sown when most seeds are white, so be careful not to let the buds out.
3 seedbed management seedling temperature should be maintained at a daily temperature of 25 ° C, night temperature of 15 ~ 20 ° C. When the seedlings have 3 to 4 tablets and 6 to 8 true leaves, about 6 kg of urea is applied per 667 m2, and the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied to the foliage. Generally, it is planted in Daejeon when 8 to 12 true leaves of pepper seedlings, and the temperature-controlled wet refining seedlings are 7 to 10 days before planting. At the seedling stage, attention should be paid to prevention and treatment of rickets, blight, gray mold, and aphids.
4 strong seedlings standard seedling height 15 ~ 20 cm, growth stretch; stem thick 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm, shorter internodes, there are tillers; retain 2 cotyledons, with 13 ~ 16 true leaves, leaf color green or dark green The leaves are large and thick; the roots are developed, stout, and the lateral roots are white, with no rust roots; the flower buds differentiate early and develop well.
2.3 Soil preparation and fertilization
It is usually planted in early April in late April. 1 month before planting, deep and fine, combined with land preparation, evenly spread 800~1 600 kg of magnetic energy fertilizer, 40 kg of superphosphate, or 2 000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 8 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 m2. About 40 kg of superphosphate is used as the base fertilizer. According to the 1.2 m gully, the compartment is 30 cm, the compartment height is 10 to 30 cm (depending on the condition of the field, the height of the sloping compartment is 25 to 30 cm, the height of the sloping compartment is 10 to 15 cm), and the carcass is turtle-shaped. . One week before planting, the ground film was covered after watering.
2.4 Reasonable close planting
Choose strong seedlings to be planted on sunny or cloudy days. Planting 2 rows per ridge, 1 plant per hole, generally planting 2 500-3 000 plants per 667 m2. After planting, the root water is poured. If it is exposed to high temperature and strong sunshine within one week after planting, it should be shaded and sun-proof.
2.5 Field Management
1 After 20 days of fertilization management, the 667 m2 of the 667 m2 is applied with 5 kg of urea or 3 to 5 kg of urea, and the root is applied 10 cm from the stem base. During the fruit-bearing period of peppers, combined with watering and topdressing, each 667 m2 of the Optimum Magnetic Energy Fertilizer 5 kg + Nowang magnetic energy soluble fertilizer (high potassium) 10 kg, or 25 kg of special compound fertilizer for pepper.
At the flowering stage, foliar sprayed Nobel magnetic energy foliar fertilizer (high potassium and high calcium) 1 or 2 times, or 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.1% zinc fertilizer solution 1 or 2 times. After harvesting the first to second layers of pepper, combined with watering, top dressing, 5 kg per 667 m2 of magnetic energy application (5 kg + Nowang magnetic energy soluble fertilizer (high potassium) 10 kg, or 1% urea 5 kg + potassium sulfate 5 kg mixture.
During the whole growth period, the field should be kept moist and free of water, and the drainage should be smooth to prevent the roots of the pepper from decaying and causing dead seedlings.
2 Pest control should adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€, with the principles of agricultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical control.
The main diseases of Zunyi pepper include epidemic disease, anthracnose, viral disease, scab, root rot, and chalk disease. The main pests are aphids, thrips, sassafras, and red spiders. In addition to the use of crop rotation, cleaning the pastoral, the use of insecticidal lamps, yellow sticky insect boards and other comprehensive control measures, if necessary, chemical control should be carried out.
The disease can be controlled by silver phleg (flustar fungus, chlorfenapyr), enoylmorpholine, nail cream copper, bis-profenamide, etc., anthrax can be used as prochloraz, sputum, tebuconazole, copper hydroxide, The treatment of mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil can be used for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases such as olefins, hydrocarbons, copper sulphate, morpholinium hydrochloride, virus K, and phytosanitary agents. , copper amide, Dt (copper succinate) and other chemical control; root rot, chalk disease can be controlled by Ling Dan, mancozeb and other agents. Aphids and thrips can be controlled by imidacloprid and acetamiprid. The sassafras and red spiders can be controlled by medicinal agents such as scorpion and sulphonate.
3 cultivating and weeding combined with soil cultivation, weeding and weeding 1 or 2 times, the first cultivating and weeding is 10 to 15 days after the slow seedling, and the second time before the plant is sealed.
2.6 Harvest at the right time
Harvesting criteria: the fruit is fully inflated, the flesh is hardened, the fruit is bright or completely turned red. Harvesting should be carried out at low temperatures such as sunny mornings, afternoons or cloudy days. Generally, the peppers and the peppers should be harvested in time. The other peppers should be determined according to the production target to determine the appropriate harvesting period. For the purpose of picking fresh red peppers, making pickled peppers or bad peppers, harvest them when the fruit turns 70%; For the purpose of drying, the fruit is harvested after it is completely red ripe.
The selection of new excellent variety Chaotianjiao and related cultivation techniques can overcome the difficulties faced in the past production and achieve the goal of high yield, greatly improving the planting efficiency of pepper farmers.
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