Corn is a high-yielding crop, but because of the wide spacing of corn planting, can other crops be planted in corn fields to increase land availability? Let's introduce Xiaobian to introduce the cultivation technology of corn interplanting sweet potato.
Corn intercropping sweet potato cultivation technology
1. Land preparation and ridge
After confirming the field, open the trenches, furrows and gutters to ensure that the drainage is smooth and there is no water in the rainy days. After the spring, the land is ploughed in time, the ridge distance is 70-86cm, and the ridge height is 20~26cm.
2, choose the species
Sweet potatoes are selected from detoxification varieties, such as Xushu 18, Sweet Potato 197, and Sweet Potato 210. Corn is selected from early maturing or early maturing varieties, such as Yudan No. 2, Nongdan No. 5, Huidan No. 4, and Modan No. 4. Do not choose medium-late or late-maturing varieties.
3, timely planting
After doing the ridge, the sweet potato seedlings are raised, and when the seedling height is 25cm, the seedlings are planted into the nursery and the seedlings are cultivated. When the temperature begins to stabilize at around 15 °C and the shallow soil temperature reaches 17-18 °C, sweet potato can be planted, generally 4.5 to 52,500 plants/hm2. Practice has proved that both potato seedlings and oblique insertion can only form one large potato. Although the single potato weight is larger, the potato seedlings are less densely planted, so it is not easy to obtain high yield. It has 2 to 3 large potatoes, and the size is even. After appropriate application of fertilizer, it can obtain higher yield of single potato and easy to obtain high yield. Check the live sputum about 7 days after the sweet potato is inserted. For the dead seedlings and lack of cockroaches, cut the seedlings to make up the sputum and promptly drench the water to survive.
When the minimum temperature reaches 8 ° C and the shallow soil temperature reaches 10 to 12 ° C, the corn can be sown. According to the 2 ridges of sweet potato, 1 row of corn is planted, and the corn is planted in the sweet potato ditch, and 2 to 3 seeds are seeded at each hole. The plant spacing can be around 33cm. The amount of interplanted corn is about 30,000 plants/hm2. When interplanting corn, if the soil quality is poor and the soil fertility is weak, one row of corn can be planted every 3 to 4 ridges.
Field management of corn intercropping sweet potato
1, apply enough base fertilizer
Apply high quality bar fertilizer 30t/hm2 plus ammonium carbonate 450kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 300kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 225kg/hm2, zinc fertilizer 75kg/hm2, or rice blending fertilizer 750kg/hm2. Before the transplanting, the deep ditch strip was applied and covered with soil, and the corn was planted on the soil. But be careful not to contact the fertilizer directly, so as not to damage the roots.
2, timely topdressing
When the corn grows to 3 to 4 true leaves, the seedlings are completed at one time. Fertilize in time after seedling, the amount of fertilizer is 300kg/hm2 ammonium bicarbonate or 52.5kg/hm2 urea. During the large trumpet period of corn, fertilize with water once, and apply ammonium bicarbonate 900kg/hm2 or urea 300kg/hm2. After the sweet potato is alive, the soil is weeded 1 or 2 times, and the soil is ploughed once. When the sweet potato vine grows to 60cm, the vine is used once, and when the corn seedling is present, it is shallow once. In combination with the first top dressing, deep cultivating 1 time. In the trumpet period, the soil was cultivated once more. During the pollination period of corn, attention should be paid to pest control and artificial pollination to increase the seed setting rate. In case of drought, watering should be done once in a timely manner.
3, prevention and control of pests and diseases
Before the corn was taken, the Jinggangmycin 1.5kg/hm2 was used to spray the rice blight with the spray of water. When the big bell mouth was used, the 3% carbofuran 30kg/hm2 was mixed with the fine sand snack to control the corn borer. After the tassel was extracted, 1.5kg/hm2 was used. Or triazophos against corn locusts at 9000kg/hm2, and pay attention to the control of Spodoptera litura and armyworm after the silk is spun. Sweet potato disease is less, and the prevention and control of pests should be strengthened. In the early stage, the leaf-eating pests were mainly controlled; after the potato was swollen, when the soil cracked, the trichlorfon emulsion and the pyrethroid pesticide could be used to water the water, and the soil was covered to prevent the small elephant armor.
4. Cut the stalks, cultivate, pick the heart and control the vines in time, and promote the potato
Sweet potato Xiguang, in mid-July, corn should be cut in time to reduce the shade of sweet potatoes. Combine cultivating, excavate corn residue, loosen the soil, and promote the long potato. Because the planting density is relatively thin, the amount of fertilizer applied is relatively large, and the fertilizer level of each plant is high, which is easy to cause stems and leaves. Only picking the heart and controlling the vine in time, let the stems and leaves and the roots coordinately grow, and promote the growth of the potato head, in order to bear the big potato, ensure the weight of the single potato, and obtain high yield. Therefore, controlling stems and leaves is a very important technical measure. It is generally required that the first topping of the heart should be carried out when the branching reaches 40 to 50 cm, and the topping of the heart should be topped again when the second and third branches reach 20 to 30 cm, and the paclobutrazol solution of 50 mg/kg is sprayed 1 or 2 times. In order to effectively control the stems and leaves. At the same time, Tito pulls the roots, reduces the absorption of fertilizer, and controls the length of the apprentice. A plot with dry land, insufficient water and fertilizer, and poor growth will not mention vines, preventing stem and leaf from declining, resulting in reduced production.
5, timely harvest
When more than 80% of the corn stalk leaves are dry, they can be harvested. Cut off together with the straw and transport it out of the field. Sweet potatoes can be harvested when the average daily temperature drops to 15 °C. The roots of sweet potato are asexual vegetative bodies, and there is no obvious maturity standard and harvesting period; however, the harvesting of the morning and evening is closely related to sweet potato yield, seed retention, storage, processing and utilization. Harvesting too early will reduce the yield, and the harvest will be affected by the cold damage. Generally, when the temperature drops to 15 °C, the harvesting can be started, and the harvest should be completed before the frost is exposed.
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