1. Rejuvenation of bacteria
Starfish is a 3 gram bag of dried live bacteria, which can handle wheat straw, rice straw, 1 ton of corn dry straw or 2 ton of green straw. Before the treatment of straw, the bacterial agent is first poured into 200 ml of water to fully dissolve (water from a large dairy farm can use the milk barrel) and placed at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours to rejuvenate the strain. The rejuvenated fungicide must be used up on the same day and it must not be used overnight.
2. Preparation of bacterial liquid
Pour the revived bacteria into a well-dissolved 0.8~1.0% saline solution and mix well. The table below shows the calculation method for the amount of salt, water, and live dried bacteria.
Straw species
Straw weight
(kilogram)
Starfish Circulating Live Dried Stem
Dosage
Salt consumption
(kilogram)
Tap water usage
(Rise)
Storage moisture content
(%)
Rice straw
1,000
1 bag
12
1500
60-70
Yellow corn stalk
1,000
1 bag
8
900
60-70
Green corn stalk
1,000
1 bag
60-70
3. Straw crushed
The straw used for micro-storage must be crushed, 3 to 5 cm for sheep, and 5 to 8 cm for cattle. In this way, it is easy to compact and improve the utilization rate of the micro-cell, and ensure the quality of the micro-preservation. The kneader can use 9RSZ-530 multi-purpose crusher.
4. Straw entry and compaction
Spread 20~30 cm thick straw at the bottom of the cellar. After compaction, lay 20~30 cm thick straw. Spray the bacteria solution and compact it until it is 40 cm above the cellar's mouth and seal it again. The purpose of stratified compaction is to expel the air in the straw and in the void, resulting in an anaerobic environment. If the cellar is not full on the day, it can be covered with a plastic film. When the cellar is pressed on the next day, the film will continue to work.
Compaction machinery is generally used tractors. Large-scale pits should use chain or high-horsepower wheeled tractors, and small and medium-sized pits can use small four-wheel tractors. The pressure relief pit shall ensure that the tractor does not leak oil, the walking part shall not contain mud, and a fire extinguisher shall be fitted on the exhaust pipe. The small cellar of family cattle and sheep can be pressed by human.
After the micro-storage of wheat straw and corn straw moisture content requirements of 60 to 70%, because these straw itself has a very low moisture content, the need to add water against the bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a spraying device composed of a water tank, a water pump, a water pipe, and a spray head. The volume of the water tank is preferably 1000 to 2000 liters. The submersible pump is preferably used for the water pump, and the hose is selected as the water pipe. Family cattle and sheep can be sprayed directly with a watering can.
5. Cellar
When the straw is layered and compacted to a height of 40 cm above the cellar, after fully compacting, the top layer is evenly sprinkled with salt, and then compacted and covered with a plastic film. The amount of salt used is 250 grams per square meter. Its purpose is to ensure that the upper part of the micro-feed does not produce mildew. After covering the plastic film, sprinkle 20 to 30 cm thick rice and wheat straw on the top, cover the soil 15 to 20 cm, seal the pit, and dig a drainage ditch around the pit to prevent the infiltration of rainwater. The purpose of the seal is to isolate the air from contact with the straw and ensure the anaerobic state in the micro-cellar. After the straw micro-storage, the storage in the pits will slowly sink, and the soil should be covered in time to make it higher than the ground.
6. Add accessories
In the storage of wheat straw and rice straw, according to their own materials, add five thousandths of barley flour or bran. The purpose of this is to provide certain nutrients for the propagation of strains in the early stages of fermentation in order to improve the quality of micro-feeds. When adding wheat flour, corn flour, and bran, pave a layer of straw to remove a layer of powder.
7. Storage moisture control and inspection
Whether or not the moisture content of the micro-preservation feed is appropriate is one of the important conditions for determining the quality of the micro-preservation feed. The moisture content of straw micro-reservoir is 60~70%, which is the most ideal. When the water content is too high, the concentration of sugar and gum in the straw is reduced, and the acid-producing bacteria cannot grow normally, resulting in deterioration of the feed. When the water content is too low, the straw is not easy to be compacted and the residual air is too much to ensure the conditions for anaerobic fermentation and the production of organic acids is reduced.
During the compaction process of the bacterial liquid spray, it is necessary to check whether the water content of the storage material is appropriate at all times and whether it is uniform everywhere. In particular, attention should be paid to the connection of moisture between the layers and the dry layer should not appear. Water content inspection method is: grab storage samples, with both hands twisted, there is always water down, the water content is about 80% or more; if there is no water, loosen and see the hand water is obviously about 60~70%; if there is water (reflection) on the hand, it is about 50~55%.
8. Identification of Straw Microbial Feed Quality
After 21 to 30 days of cell sealing, the micro-storage fermentation process can be completed. According to the external characteristics of micro-feeds, the quality of micro-feeds can be identified by means of sight, smell and feel.
Look: The color of the high-quality micro-enveloped green corn straw feed is olive green, and the rice straw is golden yellow. If brown or dark green, the quality is poor.
Olfactory: High-quality straw micro-storage has a mellow and fruity odor, and has a weak acidity. If there is strong acidity, it means that there is more acetic acid, which is caused by excessive water and high-temperature fermentation; if there is rancid and mildew, it cannot be fed, because the degree of compaction is not enough and the seal is not strict and is corrupted. Microorganisms and mold caused by fermentation.
Feel: The high-quality micro-feeds are very loose and soft and moist. If you get a sticky hand, or stick together, it means that the storage began to become rotten; some loose, but dry and hard, but also a bad feed.
9. The key to the production of straw micro-feed
Compaction: Compaction is an important part of the success of microsilage production. If the pressure is not true, the remaining air in the cellar is not conducive to the growth of straw-dried live dried bacteria. Instead, it creates conditions for molds and spoilage bacteria, as well as the deterioration of micro-feeds.
Sealing: Micro-storage straw compaction pressure is good, if the upper seal is not strict or leakage around the cellar is also likely to cause mildew deterioration. The solution is to seal the cellar as previously described to ensure that air cannot enter the cellar.
10. Matters needing attention when using straw micro-feed
Mild crop stalks cannot make micro-feeds.
After straw micro-storage, it usually needs to be stored in the cellar for 21 to 30 days before it can be fed.
When taking the material, we must start from the corner and take it from top to bottom. Each time it is taken out, it should be fed on the same day.
The withdrawal port must be sealed immediately after each withdrawal so as to prevent air and rain from immersing and cause deterioration of micro-feeds.
Every time feeding micro-feeds, the tank is required to be clean, and micro-storage frozen in winter should be re-used before use.
For micro-feeds, salt is added at the time of manufacture. This portion of salt should be deducted from the diet fed to livestock.
When micro-storage pea stalks and other legumes green straw, wheat straw or other dry straw should be added.
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