Release date: 2014-12-08
In 2012, a special sensor was implanted on the surface of a woman's brain, which has 96 electrodes, only the size of aspirin tablets. After that, the woman did not help, and used the idea to control the robot arm to complete the drink movement: pick up the cup, put the mouth to the side of the straw, and finish it.
For the lady and the BrainGate program behind it, the above action is a historic moment. This is the first time she has picked up something in her 15 years, let alone drinking. John Donoghue, a neuroscientist who initiated the project 10 years ago, said: "This is a huge achievement. We finally helped the patient achieve her long-cherished wish for many years."
This is an important step in the brain-computer interface research that is still in the emerging stage. Neuroscientists and engineers use special implants, robotic limbs and even the entire exoskeleton to save patients with sputum, Parkinson's disease or stroke.
Slow but firm development
Ten years ago, the Donoghue team turned their subjects from monkeys to people and achieved a series of successes, such as having a 53-year-old wife reach the target with her hand.
Lee Miiler, a professor of neuroscience at Northwestern University, recently made a breakthrough. His team transplanted multi-electrode arrays into the monkey's brain and successfully helped them complete a series of actions such as grabbing, lifting, and throwing balls. The implant is able to track activity and read signals from 100 neurons. Of course, there may be 1 million involved in human activity.
He said: "Many humans can do the action, the animals can't do it. Although we can let the monkeys do a series of actions such as grabbing and throwing, we can't let them play the piano."
Bioengineer Eberhard Fetz said: "The brain can control the muscles, and the brain-computer interface can accept the control signals from the brain, and then activate the artificial muscles and artificial limbs. Therefore, instead of controlling the fingers, it controls the cells that control the fingers."
Turn ideas into action
Other teams around the world are working to apply brain-computer interfaces to other areas: from controlling helicopters to controlling DNA.
Miguel Nicolelis, a professor of neuroscience at Duke University, is a pioneer in the field of brain-computer interface. He is the first neuroscientist to propose that animals (including humans) can control prostheses through the brain-computer interface, and he developed chronic, multi-site, multi-electrode recordings. It provides a good foundation for scientists to measure brain neuron activity.
Nicolelis' Walk Again plans to achieve world-renowned achievements this summer. A 29-year-old patient, Nicolelis, wears a full-metal metal jersey and blue hat to kick off the World Cup in Brazil! The player uses his own The mind controls the exoskeleton of the machine.
After shocking the world's "great one kick", Nicolelis said excitedly: "One day, when we walked on the streets of New York, we can see a person who could not walk before playing happily, I believe in me. I can see such a scene in my lifetime."
The brain-computer interface is still in its early stages. The number of neurons in the brain is extremely large, and research is difficult. Scientists struggling in this field will celebrate every little victory, and a seemingly simple snatch can excite them, because it is a huge glimpse of them and the patients.
In an interview with The New York Times in 2012, Donoghue of the BranGate research project said: "I remember in a discussion someone asked a patient who was interested in the plan: 'Do you want to walk again?' He asked: 'No, I just want to touch my nose with my hand.'"
Source: Lei Feng Net
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