How does pepper planting achieve high yields? Today, the small series of Huinong.com and the farmers who grow peppers have a good discussion about the high-yield skill of pepper and its planting management technology. It is necessary to look at it!
First, the high yield standard of pepper plant growth:
1. The cultivated and well-managed pepper plants have thick stems and moderate internode length; the pepper plant type meets the cultivation requirements;
2, the thickness of the pepper leaves, color depth;
3, before the result of the pepper, the plant is not aging, not long, and the pepper does not cause premature aging in the later stage;
4. The rate of fruit setting of pepper is high and does not fall;
5, the shape of the pepper fruit is correct, the peel is bright, the color is bright, and the pepper is less deformed;
6. The pepper has no pests and diseases; the growth of the whole pepper plot is relatively neat.
Second, the results of the status of pepper plants high-yield standards:
The pepper plants were cultivated and managed properly, and the results were moderate. The length of the results was in accordance with the characteristics of the pepper varieties, and also met the cultivation requirements of the pepper varieties in the cultivation mode. The quality of the pepper buds was good and the fruit setting rate was High, less fruit; pepper fruit develops fast, pepper is fruit-shaped, pepper is less deformed, high-quality fruit rate is high, picking period is longer, and plants do not prematurely decline.
Third, the production of high-yield pepper plants:
In the cultivated and well-managed pepper plants, the pepper yield distribution is relatively uniform, not only has a higher pre-production, but also a higher yield in the middle and late stages.
1. Be sure to pay attention to the chilli pouring:
Many farmers do not pay attention to the pour of peppers, and the annual cultivation of peppers in a piece of land causes the accumulation of various pathogens in the soil, causing the disease of peppers to increase year by year, resulting in a large number of pepper dead seedlings and pepper roots. So that some farmers later arrived at the point where they did not dare to grow peppers. Reasonable rotation is the basis for high yield of pepper. Capsicum belongs to the Solanaceae crop, and it is best to cultivate with non-solanaceae crops, such as cruciferous, beans, grass crops, onions, garlic, etc. Don't mix with tomatoes, eggplant, tobacco, potatoes, melons, etc., and have not planted such crops for at least three years. The best mouthwash of peppers is the onion, garlic, and pepper-borne soil-borne bacteria, which are killed by the root exudates of onions and garlic vegetables. The nutritional characteristics and the proportion of fertilizers of onions and garlic vegetables are also different from those of peppers. The nutrients can complement each other, especially the medium and micro nutrients.
2. Capsicum fertilization technology:
In the case of the same variety of planted peppers and the same management conditions, the amount of fertilization, the type of fertilizer and the ratio of various nutrients determine the growth status of pepper plants, the yield, quality, and the length and duration of the harvesting period. So this link is very important.
(1) The watering temperature is 15-20 °C, and the under-film dark irrigation is generally used. Drip irrigation and micro-irrigation are better when conditions are met.
(2) Topdressing: Pepper is fertilized and fertilized, mainly concentrated in the flowering result period. Nitrogen absorbed during this period accounted for 57% of the total, and phosphorus and potassium accounted for 61% and 69%, respectively, which is a critical period for topdressing.
The principle of topdressing is: lightly applying seedling fertilizer, stabilizing the application of flower bud fertilizer, re-applying expanded fruit fertilizer, and digging fruit fertilizer.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro-fertilizers are less spicy and spicy; nitrogen is less phosphorus, potassium, and micro-fertilizers are more spicy.
1 light seedling fertilizer
2 stable application of flower bud fertilizer
3 heavy application of fruit fertilizer
4 diligently harvesting fruit fertilizer
3. Too dense or too thin when pepper is planted:
When the pepper is cultivated, it is too thin, which causes the pepper plant to not seal the ridge, which is easy to cause the occurrence of capsicum virus disease and pepper burnt disease. It also directly leads to the low yield of pepper and the low benefit; the pepper is too dense when planted, especially in the protected area. The density is too large, which may cause the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the pepper field to be poor, resulting in excessive humidity in the field, causing various diseases of pepper. Therefore, reasonable planting of pepper is an important measure to obtain high yield of pepper. Reasonable close planting depends on the specific characteristics of the cultivated pepper varieties. For example, the planted pepper varieties are large, and the degree of development is large, and appropriate planting is required; for example, the pepper plant type is short and compact, and can be densely planted.
4. Scientific ventilation to ensure proper temperature:
The flowering period of the pepper is required to be between 15 °C and 35 °C. If it is lower than 15 °C or higher than 35 °C, the flower buds of the pepper are poorly differentiated, and the flowers are easy to fall. Before 10 o'clock in the morning, the temperature of the shed should not be higher than 30 °C. Above 30 °C, the pollination of pepper should be affected. Therefore, management measures for early ventilation should be adopted. Open the shed for about 1 hour, you can open the vent, according to the external temperature to determine the size of the vent and ventilation time, so that not only can play the role of carbon dioxide in the shed, but also can control the temperature for the photosynthesis of pepper Within the appropriate temperature range. In the afternoon, when the shed temperature reaches 17 °C, the shed will be placed, so that the night temperature will be maintained at 15 °C-18 °C, so that the nutrients can be transported normally, avoiding excessive night temperature, excessive consumption of nutrients, resulting in prolonged plant growth and poor flowering results.
5. Rational pruning to coordinate plant growth
Pruning can improve the ventilation and light transmission of plant populations, which not only facilitates the manufacture and transportation of photosynthetic products, but also facilitates the increase of pepper yield and commerciality, and also helps prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. The main branching method of the main branch is to remove the germinated lateral branches on the main branch to ensure the coordinated growth of the four main branches. Under normal circumstances, the fruit begins to pruning after sitting, so the plant is shorter, the field is well ventilated and light, and the result of the side branch can be left. When the side branches sit on the fruit, leave a leaf topping in the upper part of the fruit. At the same time as the fruit is picked, the fruit and the resulting side branches can be removed together. As the plant grows, the branches and leaves are staggered, affecting the ventilation and light transmission. In combination with the fruit picking, the collateral branches should be removed in time to prevent it from consuming nutrients. The peripheral side branches are still carried out in accordance with the management method of fruit picking.
6. Planting pepper does not pay attention to watering quality and watering technology:
Pepper is an unreliable vegetable. After flooding, it will cause a large number of peppers to die, which is an important reason for the low efficiency of pepper. The most common way to water the wrong way is to flood the water. In the cultivation of pepper, improper watering and drainage will cause a decrease in yield and a decrease in efficiency. Especially in the pepper plots with large slopes, the low-lying pepper plots are prone to roots or infections and die, and the capsicum capillaries are prone to viral diseases due to drought.
7. Planting peppers, scientific watering should pay attention to the following points:
1, planting peppers should be watered with small water, avoid flooding.
2, rainy season, to do drainage ditch, pepper field can not accumulate water. It rains and drains in time. The standard is that the rain stops and the water is dry.
3, the first flowering period of the pepper is not watered, in order to prevent the pepper from falling and the fruit is long; the pepper is poured in the water during the fruiting period to keep the ground moist, especially the pepper is watered after the top dressing, in order to promote the growth of the pepper stems and leaves and the fruit enlargement.
4. When the temperature is high, the pepper can be watered in the morning and evening to lower the ground temperature. When the temperature exceeds 30 °C, it is strictly forbidden to water the pepper at noon.
5. In places where water is scarce or economic conditions permit, farmers who grow peppers can lay drip irrigation pipes and use drip irrigation techniques. Drip irrigation has the advantages of reducing soil nutrient loss, effectively reducing pepper field moisture, reducing disease occurrence, saving water resources, and increasing pepper yield and quality.
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