Eggplant is a nutritious purple vegetable, rich in protein, vitamin A, vitamin E, etc. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation, clearing heat and reducing swelling. The economic benefit of planting eggplant through alpine anti-season cultivation techniques is good. Let's talk about the anti-season cultivation techniques of alpine eggplant.
Selection of land
Off-season vegetables are characteristic industries of Changyang County, and the variety of vegetables is large. The high-grade off-season cultivation of eggplant is most suitable at an altitude of 1,200-1,400 m, and it is better to sit in the east and face the south. The soil requires no sandy soil or loam that has been planted with Solanaceae crops for 2 to 3 years. The soil is fertile, the organic matter content is high, and the drainage is good.
Choose varieties with medium and early maturity, storage and transportation, high quality, high yield and disease resistance, dense fruit flesh, neat and compact plant type, dark green leaves, purple and bright fruits such as Zilong eggplant and black crown.
Cultivate strong seedlings
Cultivating age-appropriate seedlings is one of the important aspects of high-yield cultivation of eggplant. Strong seedling standards: green leaves, thick leaves, thick stems, short internodes, well-developed roots, buds are disease-free, there are 8 true leaves, plant height no more than 20 cm, seedling time is 50 ~ 60 days.
2.1 Seed treatment The eggplant seed has a hard and horny layer with a layer of pectin. Seed treatment before sowing is a necessary measure to increase the emergence rate and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
1 Sun-growing to promote seed ripening, increase seed germination potential and germination rate, kill the bacteria on the surface of the seed, put the eggplant in the bamboo utensils or the land for 1 to 2 days, avoid placing it on the cement floor. .
2 soaking seeds and germination one is hot water treatment. Soaked in normal temperature water for 2 ~ 3 h, then put the seeds into 3 times the amount of 55 ~ 60 ° C warm water, stirring for 15 min, when the temperature drops to about 35 ° C, soak for 5 ~ 6 h, after the fish is removed Dry and prepare for sowing. Wash with water every day, wash away the substances that inhibit germination on the seed coat, usually germination in 4 to 5 days. The second is high temperature hot. High temperature scalding is beneficial to the softening of the seed coat, the increase of cracks and the promotion of blast cell respiration. First infiltrate the seeds with a small amount of cold water, then add hot water at about 90 °C, so that the water temperature reaches 75 °C for 5 min (when the temperature is lowered, make up the heated water), and stir the hot water quickly to avoid scalding the seeds until the water temperature Drop to 30 ° C and place in the greenhouse to continue soaking. The third is to change the temperature and germination. The temperature-changing germination can be germinated early, and the buds are thick and consistent, and kept at 16 h 30 ° C, 8 h 20 ° C, alternately.
2.2 Soybean roots have poor regeneration ability, and the seedbed soil must be selected for 1~2 years without plotting the cane and potato. It is best to grow the topsoil of beans, onion, garlic and celery in 15 cm, using 40% of field soil, 40% of plant ash or decomposed manure, 10% of decomposed dry manure, 10% of fine sand, plus compound fertilizer 0.1. %, mix well and sieve. Then the seedbed soil is disinfected and planted from late March to mid-April. Before planting, lay the bed soil 10 cm, soak the water, so that there is sufficient water before emergence, no need to water again, sow after water seepage, 1 to 10 g for 5 m seedbed, 30 to 35 g per 667 m2 seed. After sowing, the soil was covered with 1 cm and the film was covered, and the temperature of the seedbed was 20 to 25 °C. 10 days before the planting of the seedlings, cutting, drying and smelting the seedlings, fertilizing 1 day before planting (150 g urea to 50 kg of water), spraying (50% carbendazim WP 1 000 times liquid spray), do Go to the plant with fertilizer.
Daejeon management
3.1 Timely planting alpine eggplant colonization time is generally in the middle and late May, 667 m2 farmer fertilizer 3 000 kg, multi-component fertilizer 100 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50 kg, potassium fertilizer 10 ~ 15 kg as base fertilizer, and then into a ridge width of 1 m, The sorghum cultivation with a groove width of 0.4 m and a groove depth of 0.1 m was planted at 667 m2 with 2 000 plants, 2 rows on the raft, 0.6 m in the raft, and 0.6 m in plant spacing.
3.2 Fertilizer management results do not require more top dressing, mainly organic fertilizer and quick-acting phosphate fertilizer. After slow seedlings, chasing and promoting sputum fertilizer; timely chasing "layer of layer fertilizer", heavy application of topdressing 1 time, 667 m2 chasing urea 10 ~ 15 kg; after the second top dressing to the last 10 days before harvesting When each layer of fruit begins to expand, it is chased once every 10 days, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied as a root dressing in the four-door period; in order to prevent premature aging, 10 kg of urea is applied per 667 m2 to increase yield. . The eggplant consumes a lot of water during the fruiting period, but the mountain is rainy in summer and needs to be drained.
3.3 Pruning and rejuvenating eggplant plants are flourishing. Each branch sits on a fruit and needs to be pruned to promote its rapid branching, increase the result area and increase the fruit setting rate. Generally, double-stalk pruning is used to remove all the side branches of the genus. Stands when the plant height is about 0.3 m. After the plants are closed, the old leaves, diseased leaves and yellow leaves are removed in time, and the plants with long length and less fruit can be picked. The 8th to 9th fruits sit in the heart and pick up the heart in time. At the same time, the branches and leaves are cleaned, the spread of pests and diseases is reduced, and the fruit is quickly colored and matured. In the middle and late stages of eggplant growth, choose sunny days before 10:00 and after 16:00 or on cloudy days, and cut 3 to 5 cm of cut tips at the branches of the four-door bucket. 5 to 7 days after cutting, when the new shoots grow to about 10 cm, the excess axillary buds are wiped off, and only 1 or 2 new shoots are retained on each side branch.
Pest Control
Adhere to the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€, adopt green prevention and control measures, select resistant varieties, pay attention to rotation, use insecticidal lamps, black light, sticky insect boards, etc. to induce pests, rotate drugs, and strictly control pesticides. Safety interval.
Eggplant diseases are classified into two types: bacterial diseases and fungal diseases. The insect pests include aphids and red spiders. When bacterial diseases occur, the main symptoms of the disease are that there are no mildew or powder on the leaves. Frequent ulceration, perforation, scab, wilting, fruit bulging, pus and other symptoms appear in the affected area, and sometimes there is a stench. There are mainly bacterial wilt, brown spot, soft rot and scab. When a fungal disease occurs, there are lesions, and there are mildews or powders of different colors on the lesions, mainly including plague.
4.1 Anthrax is mainly harmful to fruits. The lesions are nearly round or elliptical to amorphous, slightly concave, dark brown, black spots on the spots and red sticky substances. Heavy land, low-lying terrain, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, plant stagnation or poor ventilation, and the plant growth is weak. After the occurrence of anthracnose, it can be controlled by using 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times solution and 50% carbendazim WP 800 times solution.
4.2 The main symptoms of soft rot are that the skin of the disease is intact, but the internal pulp is brown and rot, and the diseased part has obvious odor. The disease fruit gradually loses its water and is dry, eventually falling off or becoming a stiff fruit hanging on the branches, seriously affecting the value and edible value of the solanaceous fruit. Low-lying wet plots, rainy and continuous weather, aggravating diseases; wounds, rain, dew are conducive to the spread and invasion of germs, and the diseased fruit should be removed in time, brought out of the field to burn or deep burial; to avoid pruning before rainy days or dew , snoring; cultivating strong seedlings, rational close planting; timely drainage in the rainy season, avoiding water in the field. After the disease occurs, it can be sprayed with 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 1500 times, once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 times.
4.3 The plague disease of the plague is commonly known as “dropping eggs†and rotten eggplants. Leaves, stems, flowers and fruits can be harmed, and it is easy to cause fruit drop after the onset. At the beginning of the disease, the epidermis is brown lesions, slightly sunken, the fruit is black and rot, the diseased part has no white mildew, and the long white flocculent hyphae under high temperature. The peak period is also the peak period of the disease. In the early summer, it is rainy or rainy or rainy, or the autumn is heavy and foggy. 50 kg of carbendazim WP can be used to mix 100 kg of soil and 100 kg, and sprinkle it into the colonization hole. Using 58% of the cream, manganese-zinc wettable powder 600 times solution, 72% gram of dew (cream urea·manganese zinc) wettable powder 600-800 times solution sprayed once every 10 days, a total of 2 to 3 times. Focus on spraying the lower fruit when spraying.
4.4 Verticillium wilt Verticillium wilt is a devastating disease of eggplant. The pathogen can be invaded by soil and seed wounds, and the high-humidity disease is intensified. The eggplant fruiting period begins to develop, and the leaves from the bottom to the top are wilting; Light. The disease is divided into three types: dead type, macular type and yellow mottled type. The dead type is short, the leaves are shrinking and dead, and the vascular bundle is brown; the yellow spot type is dwarfed and yellow, and when it is serious, the whole leaves become brown and die. The yellow blade is mottled like a palm. Seeds treated with warm water at 60 °C can kill the bacteria, the soil is disinfected, the lime around the diseased plants, and 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, sprayed at intervals of 5 days, shared 2 times, can effectively prevent Verticillium wilt.
Harvest at the right time
The pesticide residue is tested 1 to 2 days before harvesting of the eggplant. When the distance between the deep and shallow zigzag stripes under the fruit syrup is narrowed from width to width, it is suitable for harvesting. Premature harvesting affects production, and late harvesting quality declines, and also affects fruit growth. Choose to harvest fruit in the afternoon or evening.
The use of this technology to grow eggplants has less work, and the net income per 667 m2 is more than 2,000 yuan, which brings good economic benefits to the farmers in the high mountain areas.
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