Peanuts have strong adaptability, low soil requirements, and are resistant to fertilizer, drought and drought, and easy to grow and manage. However, meteorological disasters still affect the cultivation of peanuts. The following discussion will affect the cultivation of peanuts and their countermeasures.
Major meteorological disasters affecting peanut planting
1 low temperature chilling
In March, when the cold air invaded, the lowest temperature ≤-l °C will cause the seedlings to die from freezing damage; the average daily temperature in autumn is <12 °C, and the pollination is poor, the fruit stops developing, the grain is not full, and the shell is empty for more than 3 days. Increase and so on.
2 volt autumn drought
If there is no rain for 7 days, the anther begins to be affected by drought pollination; when there is no rain for more than 10 days, the anthers are dry and empty; if the continuous drought does not rain for more than 20 days, the anthers are dry and withered.
3 rainy season
When the daily precipitation in April-June is more than 7 days for more than 7 days, the supersaturation of soil moisture in peanut roots causes mildew, which leads to dead seedlings or diseases. In the harvest season, when the rainfall is >10 mm for more than 5 days, it will cause the peanut kernels in the soil to partially expand and germinate and become inedible.
4 high temperature and low humidity
When the average daily temperature is ≥28 °C, the daily maximum temperature is ≥35 °C, and the daily minimum relative humidity is <40%, the surface transpiration will be insufficient, and the root supply will be insufficient, causing the plants to shrink and the leaves will fall or even die.
Countermeasures
1Select excellent varieties of early maturity and drought resistance
The flowering and pod-forming period of peanuts is the period of most water in life. The amount of rainfall during the period is related to peanut production. Early-maturing peanuts completed flowering and pod-forming in the middle of July, and the total rate of drought was about 18%. The middle-cooked and late-maturing peanuts had a total drought rate of over 70%.
2 timely broadcast early
The average daily temperature is ≥12 °C, the temperature of 5 cm is ≥15 °C, and it is beneficial for peanut sowing when there is 3 to 5 days of warm and warm weather. Therefore, the general year can be sown in sunny weather in late March; in case of adverse weather, it can be planted until early April. If conditions permit, we should strive to spread early, to increase the effective accumulated temperature and to bloom early, and to bypass the drought is more conducive to high yield.
3 keep water and soil
Every year during the flood season in Jiangxi (April to June), the precipitation is concentrated and the intensity is high. The erosion of the soil is not conducive to the needle and pod of the peanut. Therefore, planting peanuts should pay attention to water conservation and soil conservation, especially in the hilly mountainous areas.
4 implementation of rotation
Peanut planting sites are rotated every year, which is conducive to the full absorption of soil nutrients by peanut roots, and is also conducive to the prevention and control of pests and diseases to ensure stable and high yield of peanuts.
5 clear seedlings
In order to promote the first pair of lateral branches with the most pods in the lower part of the peanuts, and receive sunlight to promote effective flower buds and early differentiation, the trees should be used to clear the trees during the peanut seedlings. The depth of clearing the tree is suitable for the cotyledons to be exposed to the ground. Practice has shown that the main base of peanuts in clear seedlings is purple and the internodes are short, the number of nodes is large, the number is firm, and the seeds are full.
6 promote film mulching
Promoting peanut film mulching is beneficial to increase ground temperature, increase accumulated temperature, maintain soil nutrients, and prevent waterlogging.
7 timely irrigation
Peanuts often have droughts in the late stage of flowering and pod formation, especially in hilly and red soil slopes. Even if early maturing varieties are used, 20% of the years are affected by drought. Therefore, efforts should be made to create irrigation conditions and timely watering to mitigate drought losses.
8 reasonable dense planting
Reasonable close planting increases the total number of plants per unit area, and expanding the total leaf area to increase the utilization rate of light energy is an important way to increase peanut yield. It is suitable for 2 cells per hole of 66 000 m2 and 106,000 to 12 000 holes, and the number of 666.7 m2 plants is preferably 20,000 to 24,000.
Therefore, peanut planting must grasp the planting time, select the varieties, implement scientific planting and management methods, and it will certainly produce high-yield and high-quality peanuts!
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