Facilities Apricot tree flower and fruit management is very important, should grasp the following points:
First, flowering management
The opening of the first flower marks the end of “heating up†and the flowering season has arrived. The flowering season in central Hebei Province is generally from late January to mid-February, and the duration of the flowering period in the greenhouse is generally 10-15 days longer than the open field.
1. Flowering temperature. Optimum temperature 12°C-20°C, maximum 25°C, lowest 8°C. If the temperature is too high, the air outlet should be used to adjust the air release.
2. Humidity. The relative humidity in the flowering shed should be maintained at 40%-60%. If the humidity is too high, the mulch film should be re-laid, or be adjusted by warming or releasing air.
3. Put bee and artificial pollination. Flowering bees and artificial breeding are important measures that Sunlight Greenhouse must implement. The flower organs of apricot are generally long pistils and short stamens. Due to the high humidity in the air in the shed and poor pollen flying ability, even self-pollinated apricot cultivars cannot normally pollinate. Therefore, bees or artificial pollination should be given. When the bee is placed, put 1-2 boxes of bees per shed. Before the apricot blossoms, move the beehives into the shed for exercise. Place a flat plate at the door of the beehive and put a little sugar in the tray. Nutrition after flowering. Bees are active at 13°C and are most active at 18°C.
If there is no beekeeping condition, 3-5 artificial points should be given. For species requiring cross-pollination, attention should be paid to the interleaving of different varieties when performing artificial point grants, otherwise pollen points must be collected first.
4. Thinning flowers. In the case of large quantities of flowers to be sparse. Sparse flowering time is best in the bud period, the principle is to eliminate the poor light conditions in the lower part of the canopy and late flowering. For a fruiting branch, try to retain the middle and upper flowers and eliminate the middle and lower flowers.
5. Spray boron and spray nitrogen. Spraying boron and spraying nitrogen during flowering can significantly increase fruit setting rate. The spraying method is borax 0.2% + urea 0.2% mixed spray.
Second, young fruit development
The young fruit development period refers to the fruit development stage after flowering to hard nucleus stage. Improper management at this stage can easily cause a large number of flowering and fruit drop, which will affect the yield.
1. Watering. This period should not be watered, apply nitrogen fertilizer, especially the prohibition of flooding.
2. Summer cut. Summer cut is mainly to control the shoot tip and reduce fruit drop. Wangwang branch topping, back sparse Wang branch, or spray paclobutrazol 200-250 times once, control prosperous.
3. Hang a light curtain. In order to increase the light intensity, a light curtain is hung on the north, east, and west walls during the early fruit development period (after flowering).
4. Temperature and humidity control. The optimum temperature for this period is 10°C-25°C and the maximum temperature is 30°C. The humidity of the air can be appropriately increased. If it is too dry, water can be sprayed on the ground or on the film to ease it.
Third, the late fruit development
1. Remove the film, irrigation, shop reflective film. After the physiological fruiting period, approximately 4 weeks after flowering, the mulching film was poured out to prevent the soil temperature from declining significantly. The type of topdressing fertilizer is preferably biological fertilizer (such as Amy Chong Shiwang) or NPK fertilizer. After watering, a reflective film is placed between the rows to increase the light intensity. The second irrigation time is performed after 10 days, which can increase the amount of irrigation. The soil moisture during fruit development is 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity. When the fruit is ripe, it can be top-dressed again about 2 times.
2. Thinning of fruit. After fruit development period, fruit production should be started as soon as possible. The principle of thinning the fruit is to keep more sparsely in the upper part of the crown, to keep sparsely on the branches, and to sparsely place parts that are poorly received. As a result, the upper part of the branch stays in the upper part and the middle part and lower part are sparsely.
3. Temperature. The optimum temperature during the period is 13°C-28°C, the maximum temperature cannot exceed 30°C, and the minimum temperature cannot be lower than 10°C. The temperature difference between day and night is maintained at 10°C-15°C.
4. Management of grasshoppers and tuyere. Under the condition that the temperature can be satisfied, the time for exposing and releasing the air can be advanced as much as possible, and the time for closing the air outlet of the cover can be delayed as much as possible to increase the lighting time and increase the carbon dioxide concentration in the booth. When the minimum temperature is stable above 10°C, it is also possible to remove the membrane and restore the open-air cultivation environment.
5. Improve fruit quality. After peeling off the plastic film, the reflective film should be placed between the rows as soon as possible. Leaf surface multiple times (once every 7-15 days) spraying high efficiency, pollution-free nutrient element fertilizer (such as Amy leaf surface fertilizer). The shading leaves around the fruit were removed during fruit colouring.
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