Now, it is the busy season of vegetable production and management in solar greenhouses. Solar greenhouse vegetables are in high temperature and high humidity environment, especially suitable for the occurrence of whitefly, aphids, thrips and other pests, some vegetable farmers often pay attention to the prevention of diseases, while ignoring the prevention of insect pests, resulting in the occurrence of greenhouse vegetable pests, give Vegetable production poses a great threat and directly affects the income of vegetable farmers. Here are some common pests and prevention methods for greenhouse vegetable winter production for your reference.
I. Major pest species and hazard characteristics
1. Whitefly. Whitefly is a major pest in the production of greenhouse vegetables. It can occur in more than 10 generations a year. It enters the greenhouse in winter and harms vegetables. It is mainly harmful to tomato, cucumber, eggplant, green pepper and other solanaceous vegetables. Adults and larvae suck the juice of vegetable plants. The leaves of the damaged vegetables turn green, yellow, or even wilting, leading to death. In addition, adults and larvae can also secrete a large amount of honeydew, contaminate the leaves and fruits of vegetables, cause the occurrence of coal pollution, affect photosynthesis, and reduce the yield and quality of vegetables.
2. Locusts. The locusts that endanger greenhouse vegetables mainly include guava pods, soybean pods, and peach pods. It can take 20-30 generations a year and endanger it all year round. The locust swarms on the back of leaves and tender stems sucking plant juices with sucking mouthparts, making the leaves yellow, curled, deformed, and even dead. In addition, locusts also spread viral disease and are extremely harmful.
3. Hummer. Thrips are mainly harmful to melon crops, eggplants, leguminous vegetables, and so on, so they are also called guava horses. The larvae are yellow and the adults are brown-yellow. About 15 generations a year occur. They multiply year after year and overlap for generations. Hummer is very active, mostly on the back of the leaves or into the petals, sucking leaves, shoots, flowers and young sap. The leaves of the victim were gray and white, and gradually became yellow and white and dry. The damaged young shoots and flowers turned black and faded and hardened and narrowed, which seriously affected the growth.
4. Red spider. The red spiders that occur in greenhouses in winter are mainly Cinnabaria striata and Tetranychus urticae, which can occur in about 20 generations a year. Severe under high temperature and dry conditions, the temperature exceeds 30 °C, humidity greater than 70% is not conducive to the occurrence of excessive nitrogen fertilizer occurs when the old leaves are heavier. Red spider sucks juice on the back of the leaf with a sucking mouthpart and forms a wire mesh. The victim leaves chlorosis, with white dots and dry leaves. Generally harm the lower leaves first and spread from bottom to top.
Second, control methods
1. Agricultural control. First of all, after the harvest of the vegetables, the leaves of the broken leaves in the field are promptly removed, and they are collectively destroyed to reduce the number of insect populations. Secondly, a 30-mesh insect net was installed at the greenhouse vents to prevent pests from entering the greenhouse.
2. Physical control. By using the phototaxis of pests, swatches of different colors can be trapped to kill insect pests in greenhouses. For example, smearing engine oil on a yellow plate can trap whitefly. The aphids are evasive to silver-gray, and the silver-gray strips can be hung around the vents in the greenhouse or around the greenhouse entrance path to repel aphids, so as to reduce the risk of aphids entering the house.
3. Chemical control. Spraying with 10% imidacloprid can effectively prevent the damage of greenhouse whitefly and aphids. In addition, acetamiprid and other agents can also be used to control whitefly and aphids. Control of Thrips can be sprayed with 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times, and it can also be controlled by effective cypermethrin or Aketai and other agents. Can be used 1.8% Aconazole EC 2000 times solution or edantine EC 3000 times spray control spider mite, spray once every 7-10 days, and even spray 2-3 times.
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